Marx-Engels Collected Works/Volume 36

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Karl Marx, Capital, Volume II

Preface (MECW)	xii
Preface to the First German Edition (Engels)	5
Preface to the Second German Edition (Engels)	24

Book II: The Process of Circulation of Capital

Part I: The Metamorphoses of Capital and their Circuits

Chapter I The Circuit of Money Capital	31
I. First Stage. M-C	32
II. Second Stage. Function of Productive Capital	40
III. Third Stage. C'-M'	44
IV. The Circuit as a Whole	54
Chapter II The Circuit of Productive Capital	70
I Simple Reproduction	71
II Accumulation and Reproduction on an Extended Scale	84
III Accumulation of Money	89
IV Reserve Fund	91
Chapter III The Circuit of Commodity Capital	92
Chapter IV The Three Formulas of the Circuit	105
Natural Money and Credit Economy	112
The Meeting of Demand and Supply	122
Chapter V The Time of Circulation	125
Chapter VI The Costs of Circulation	133
I. Genuine Costs of Circulation	133
1. The Time of Purchase and Sale	133
2. Bookkeeping	137
3. Money	139
II. Costs of Storage	140
1. Formation of Supply in General	146
2. The Commodity Supply Proper	147
III. Costs of Transportation	152

Part II: The Turnover of Capital

Chapter VII The Turnover Time and the Number of Turnovers	156
Chapter VIII Fixed Capital and Circulating Capital	159
I. Distinctions of Form	159
II. Components, Replacement, Repair, and Accumulation of Fixed Capital	172
Chapter IX The Aggregate Turnover of Advanced Capital. Cycles of Turnover	185
Chapter X Theories of Fixed and Circulating Capital. The Physiocrats and Adam Smith	190
Chapter XI Theories of Fixed and Circulating Capital. Ricardo	217
Chapter XII The Working Period	230
Chapter XIII The Time of Production	239
Chapter XIV The Time of Circulation	249
Chapter XV Effect of the Time of Turnover on the Magnitude of Advanced Capital	257
I The Working Period Equal to the Circulation Period	266
II. The Working Period Greater Than the Period of Circulation	270
III. The Working Period Smaller Than the Circulation Period	275
IV. Conclusions	279
V. The Effect of a Change of Prices	285
Chapter XVI The Turnover of Variable Capital	293
I. The Annual Rate of Surplus Value	293
II. The Turnover of the Individual Variable Capital	307
III. The Turnover of the Variable Capital from the Social Point of View	312
Chapter XVII The Circulation of Surplus Value	318
I. Simple Reproduction	322
II. Accumulation and Reproduction on an Extended Scale	342

Part III: The Reproduction and Circulation of The Aggregate Social Capital

Chapter XVIII. Introduction	349
I. The Subject Investigated	349
II. The Role of Money Capital	352
Chapter XIX Former Presentations of the Subject	357
I. The Physiocrats	357
II. Adam Smith	360
1. Smith's General Points of View	360
2. Adam Smith Resolves Exchange Value into v + s	368
3. The Constant Part of Capital	371
4. Capital and Revenue in Adam Smith	376
5. Recapitulation	383
III. Later Economists	388
Chapter XX. Simple Reproduction	390
I. The Formulation of the Question	390
II. The Two Departments of Social Production	394
III. Exchange Between the Two Departments I(v+s) versus IIc	397
IV. Exchange Within Department 11. Necessities of Life and Articles of Luxury	401
V. The Mediation of Exchange by the Circulation of Money	410
VI. The Constant Capital of Department I	420
VII. Variable Capital and Surplus Value in Both Departments	424
VIII. The Constant Capital in Both Departments	427
IX. A Retrospect to Adam Smith, Storch, and Ramsay	432
X. Capital and Revenue: Variable Capital and Wages	436
XI. Replacement of the Fixed Capital	448
1. Replacement of the Wear and Tear Portion of the Value in the Form of Money	452
2. Replacement of Fixed Capital in Natura	457
3. Results	466
XII. The Reproduction of the Money Material	469
XIII. Destutt de Tracy's Theory of Reproduction	480
Chapter XXI. Accumulation and Reproduction on an Extended Scale	488
I. Accumulation in Department I	491
1. The Formation of a Hoard	491
2. The Additional Constant Capital	495
3. The Additional Variable Capital	501
II. Accumulation in Department II	501
III. Schematic Presentation of Accumulation	506
1. First Illustration	510
2. Second Illustration	514
3. Replacement of IIc in Accumulation	520
IV. Supplementary Remarks	522

Illustrations

Title page of the First German Edition of Volume II of Capital	3
Title page of the Second German Edition of Volume II of Capital	26
Facsimile-of a page of the manuscript of Capital Volume II, by Karl Marx	55
Facsimile of a page of the manuscript of Capital, Volume II, edited and copied by Frederick Engels	59