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Special pages :
Excerpts from the Article "Bülow" Published in Meyers Conversations-Lexicon
Written between March 1 and 18, 1858
First published in: Marx and Engels, Works, Second Russian Edition, Vol. 44, Moscow, 1977
Printed according to the manuscript
Translated from the German
Published in English for the first time
These excerpts from the article “Bülow” in Das Grosse Conversations-Lexicon für die gebildeten Stände, herausgegeben von J. Meyer (Vol. 6, Hildburghausen, 1843, pp. 732-33) served as preparatory material for Marx’s short article on Bülow for The New American Cyclopaedia (see this volume, p. 288 and Note 329). In the present edition the text quoted or summarised from the ConversationsLexicon is in small type, with direct quotations in editorial quotation marks. Marx’s own remarks and generalisations are in ordinary type (in some cases they contain information taken from other sources to supplement the text of the article). p. 402
Bülow (Friedrich Wilhelm, Baron von, from 1814 Count of Dennewitz, Royal Prussian general of infantry, etc.) born February 16, 1755 at the Bülow family estate of Falkenberg in the Altmark. In his 14th year he entered the regiment of Count Lottum in Berlin as a Junker. 1772 ensign, 1777 second, 1786 first lieutenant. 1793 staff captain and tutor of Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Prussia,
in which capacity he took part in the 1793 campaign, soon promoted to major. During the siege and capture of Mainz (1793) he provided brilliant proof of his courage.
In 1806, as lieutenant-colonel, to which rank he was promoted in 1805, he took part in the defence of Thorn under General L’Estocq and at the battle of Waltersdorf found the opportunity to bring himself and his battalion to the fore.
In 1808 he became major-general
and commander of a Pomeranian brigade which he had been given temporarily at the beginning of the year as colonel. 1811 he was posted to the West Prussian brigade at Marienwerder and at the outbreak of the Franco-Russian war[1] he was made interim Governor-General of East and West Prussia.
At the beginning of the 1813 campaign lieutenant-general, entrusted with the siege of Stettin. Relieved by General Tauenzien, he then allied himself with generals York and Wittgenstein, marching to confront the French army detachment that had moved to the right bank of the Elbe under the viceroy of Italy.[2] He fought the first successful battle at Möckern[3] on April 5, shortly afterwards capturing Halle,
which, however, he was soon forced to evacuate again owing to the retreat of the allied army.
Withdrew across the Elbe in order to take over the defence of Berlin, which Oudinot was threatening.
Victory at Luckau on June 4 crowned the enterprise.
“After the ceasefire commanded the 3rd Prussian Army Corps under the supreme command of the Crown Prince of Sweden.”[4] At the head of the 3rd Prussian Army Corps “saved Berlin a second time by the battle of Grossbeeren on August 23”; shielded Berlin for the third time by the battle of Dennewitz, September 6,
in which he forced Marshal Ney to retreat to Wittenberg.
“After laying siege to Wittenberg he fought with the northern army in the battle of Leipzig. [...] While the allied armies advanced over the Rhine he broke into Holland, took Doesburg, Jütphen, Arnheim by storm, setting up his headquarters in Utrecht on December 2, and invested Gorkum and Herzogenbusch. In 1814 he marched from Breda, was victorious at Hogstraten on January 11, bombarded Antwerp, entered Brussels, captured la Fère and Soissons, joined up with the Silesian army, commanded the centre at the battle of Laon, March 9 and 10.” Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, appointed general of infantry. “After the peace he was made GovernorGeneral of West and East Prussia and on the renewed outbreak of war in 1815 was given the 4th Prussian Army Corps. Owing to a delayed order not present at the battle of Ligny (June 15),[5] but after his union with Blücher, achieved by a forced march, he helped to decide the outcome of the battle of Belle Alliance.[6] For this the Boor [7] appointed him Honorary Colonel of the 15th Regiment of the Line, which he had led so bravely and which was to bear his name. January 11, 1816 Biilow returned to his governorship, t February 25 of inflammation of the liver at Königsberg.” King made him a Grand Knight of the Iron Cross, elevating him and his descendants to the rank of counts in Paris in 1814.
Took part in the Battle of the Nations.[8] Then departed for Holland, from which country he expelled the French.
- ↑ Of 1812.— Ed.
- ↑ Eugène Beauharnais.— Ed.
- ↑ Known also as the battle of Dannigkow.— Ed.
- ↑ Bernadotte.— Ed.
- ↑ The Conversations-Lexicon is inaccurate here: the battle of Ligny between the Prussian army under Blücher and the French took place on June 16, 1815.— Ed.
- ↑ La Belle Alliance—a village in Belgium about two and a half miles south of Waterloo which served as Napoleon's headquarters during the battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815 (see Note 30). In German literature this battle is sometimes called the battle of Belle Alliance. On the battle of Ligny, which preceded the battle of Waterloo, see Note 234. p. 403
- ↑ The Conversations-Lexicon has "the King". Here and below Marx refers to Frederick William III.— Ed.
- ↑ The Battle of the Nations—the name given to the battle of Leipzig on October 16-19, 1813 (see Note 31). p. 403