The Fifth All-Russia Conference of the RSDLP

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The Fifth All-Russia Conference of the RSDLP was held in Paris from December 21 to 27, 1908 (January 3 to 9, 1909). It was attended by 16 delegates with vote, among them five Bolsheviks, three Mensheviks, five Polish Social-Democrats and three Bundists. On the agenda were the following questions: 1) Reports of the RSDLP Central Committee, the Central Committee of the Polish Social-Democrats, the Bund Central Committee, the St. Petersburg organisation, the Moscow, Central Industrial Region, Urals and Caucasian organisations. 2) The present political situation and the Party’s tasks. 3) The Social-Democratic Duma group. 4) Organisational questions in connection with the changed political conditions. 5) Local mergers with non-Russian organisations. 6) Affairs abroad. On every question, the Bolsheviks conducted a relentless struggle against the Menshevik liquidators and their supporters. The Conference resolution “On the Reports” sharply condemned liquidationism as an opportunist trend and called for the most resolute ideological and organisational struggle against any attempts to liquidate the Party.

The work of the Conference was centred on Lenin’s report “On the Present Moment and the Tasks of the Party”. The Mensheviks tried in vain to get the item off the agenda. The Conference adopted the resolution motioned by Lenin with slight amendments (see present edition, Vol. 15, pp. 321–24).

The resolution “On the Social-Democratic Group in the Duma”, motioned by the Bolsheviks, criticised the activity of the group and stated its concrete tasks. The Mensheviks objected to any indication of the Duma group’s mistakes in the Conference decisions and opposed the Central Committee’s right of veto in respect of the group. The otzovists also came out against the Leninist line in respect of the Duma group. The Conference adopted the Bolshevik resolution, whose text included a part of Lenin’s second variant of “Practical Instructions on Voting for the Budget by the Social-Democratic Group in the Duma” and all of his “Addendum to the Resolution on ‘The Social-Democratic Group in the Duma’ ” (see present edition, Vol. 15, pp. 326–27, 328). During the discussion of the organisational question, the Bolshevik proposed a draft resolution stating that the Party should devote special attention to the establishment and strengthening of illegal Party organisations, making use of an extensive network of diverse legal societies for work among the masses. The Mensheviks were actually trying to liquidate the illegal Party and stop all revolutionary work. In his speech on the organisational question, Lenin sharply criticised the resolution of the Menshevik liquidators and their attempts to justify those who had deserted from the Party in the years of reaction. The Conference adopted Lenin’s “Directives for the Committee on Questions of Organisation” (see present edition, Vol. 15, p. 325) and set up a committee to draft a resolution. The committee, and then the Conference itself, adopted the Bolshevik draft resolution. The Conference’s resolution on the local merger of national organisations resolutely rejected the principle of federalism, which the Bundists supported, as they wanted workers in the Party to be compartmentalised on national lines. During the discussion of the Central Committee’s work, the Mensheviks proposed that its seat should be transferred to Russia and that the CC Bureau Abroad should be eliminated. The liquidationist draft resolutions were rejected. The Conference adopted a resolution recognising “the existence abroad of a general Party representative body in the form of the Central Committee Bureau A road as being useful and necessary”. A Bolshevik resolution was adopted on the Central Organ; the Conference rejected the Menshevik proposal to have the publication of the CO transferred to Russia.

The Bolsheviks won a great victory at the Conference in their struggle against the Menshevik liquidators. The Conference decisions also dealt a blow at the otzovists. In the years of reaction, the Party was guided by the decisions of this Conference. Lenin said that the Fifth All-Russia Conference of the RSDLP “has led the Party out on to the road, and evidently marks a turning-point in the development of the Russian working-class movement after the victory of the counter-revolution” (see present edition, Vol. 15, p. 345). p. 218

DECEMBER 21–27, 1908 (JANUARY 3–9, 1909)

1. OUTLINE OF SPEECH ON THE QUESTION OF ORGANISATION

Written on December 24, 1908 (January 6, 1909)

First published in 1933 in Lenin Miscellany XXV

1. I. Composition (( 12 a p o s t l e s 5 [in]violable (belonging to angelic order) ))
2. II. (A)
   1. 1. Strike movement and revolutionary onset;
   2. 2. Reformism and revolution;
   3. 3. Tasks of fighting nationalism; —raise before the congress;
   4. 4. How to work in legal societies.
3. III. (B)
   1. (1) Duma group.
   2. (2) Legal newspapers.
   3. (3) Legal societies.
   4. (4) Illegal agitators and their secret slogans.
4. IV. (C) Resolutions and their popularisation.
5. V. (D) Confidential agents and their promotion.

EXPLANATION TO SPEECH ON THE QUESTION OF ORGANISATION

Motioned on December 24, 1908 (January 6, 1909)

First published in 1933 in Lenin Miscellany XXV

Statement of Fact

I declare that in my speech on the organisational question, which alone was discussed today, I did n a t say nor did I intend to say a single word either about the attitude of the Caucasians to Golos Sotsial-Demokrata or about “Golos Sotsial-Demokrata” in general. That is why by starting his speech with a statement that on this question there were now no differences between the Caucasians and Golos Sotsial-Demokrata, Comrade Pyotr of Tiflis had no reason at all to mention my name. As for the earlier debates, I merely spoke of the differences between some members of the Golos Sotsial-Demokrata Editorial Board and the Caucasians, which were revealed at the August Plenary Meeting of the CC in 1908.

N. Lenin

3. PROPOSAL ON PROCEDURE FOR VOTING RESOLUTIONS

Motioned on December 24, 1908 (January 6, 1909)

First published in 1933 in Lenin Miscellany XXV

If there is no demand for a vote on any of the resolutions tabled by someone at the conference, the conference shall vote on the resolution concerning the direction of the committee’s work.

If there is a preliminary demand for a vote on someone’s resolution as a basis right away, the demand shall be immediately complied with.

Lenin

4. DRAFT RESOLUTION ON PUBLICATION OF CONFERENCE DECISIONS

Motioned on Depember 26, 1908 (January 8, 1909)

First published in 1933 in Lenin Miscellany XXV

The conference requests the CC to take steps to publish the conference resolutions and tabled drafts, and if possible, its minutes or a brief report as well.

5. STATEMENT OF FACT

Motioned on December 26, 1908 (January 8, 1909)

First published in 1933 in Lenin Miscellany XXV

I declare that I objected to Comrade Lyadov from the. standpoint, which I repeatedly emphasised in my speech, that the CC has an unquestionable right of veto.

N. Lenin

6. STATEMENT CONCERNING THE MENSHEVIK DRAFT ON LIQUIDATING THE CC

Motioned on December 26, 1908 (January 8, 1909)

First published in 1933 in Lenin Miscellany XXV

Statement of Fact

The letter of Comrades Martynov and Igorev, which they had promised to place before the CC but heve failed to do over a period of four months, did not deal with the way the CC was to function but with its “right to exist” (Existenzrecht), i.e., it dealt specifiqaily with the liquidationist plans.

N. Lenin