Resolutions of the Conference of Delegates of the International Working Men's Association (September 1871)

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Author(s) First International
Karl Marx
Written September 1871


MIA-banniĂšre.gif
Marx-Engels Collected Works, Volume 22
Drafted, edited and prepared for the press between October 8 and 23, 1871
Published as a pamphlet in English, German and French and in several press organs of the International in November-December 1871
Reproduced from the English pamphlet, verified with the German and French editions
Keywords : Internationalism, London, Resolution, Statutes

ASSEMBLED AT LONDON FROM 17TH TO 23RD SEPTEMBER 1871

(CIRCULAR ISSUED BY THE GENERAL COUNCIL

OF THE ASSOCIATION)[1]

I.

COMPOSITION OF GENERAL COUNCIL[2]

The Conference invites the General Council to limit the number of those members whom it adds to itself, and to take care that such adjunctions be not made too exclusively from citizens belonging to the same nationality.

II.

DESIGNATIONS OF NATIONAL COUNCILS,[3] ETC.[4]

1.— In conformity with a Resolution of the Congress of Basel (1869), the Central Councils of the various countries where the International is regularly organised, shall designate themselves henceforth as Federal Councils or Federal Committees with the names of their respective countries attached, the designation of General Council being reserved for the Central Council of the International Working Men’s Association.

2.—All local branches, sections, groups and their committees are henceforth to designate and constitute themselves simply and exclusively as branches, sections, groups and committees of the International Working Men’s Association with the names of their respective localities attached.

3.—Consequently, no branches, sections, or groups will henceforth be allowed to designate themselves by sectarian names such as Positivists, Mutualists, Collectivists, Communists, etc., or to form separatist bodies under the name of sections of propaganda etc., pretending to accomplish special missions, distinct from the common purposes of the Association.

4.—Resolutions 1 and 2 do not, however, apply to affiliated Trades’ Unions.

III.

DELEGATES OF THE GENERAL COUNCIL[5]

All delegates appointed to distinct missions by the General Council shall have the right to attend, and be heard at, all meetings of Federal Councils, or Committees, district and local Committees and branches, without, however, being entitled to vote thereat.

IV.

CONTRIBUTION OF lD.[6] PER MEMBER TO THE GENERAL COUNCIL[7]

1.—The General Council shall cause to be printed adhesive stamps representing the value of one penny each, which will be annually supplied, in the numbers to be asked for, to the Federal Councils or Committees.

2.—The Federal Councils or Committees shall provide the local Committees, or, in their absence, their respective sections, with the number of stamps corresponding to the number of their members.

3.—These stamps are to be affixed to a special sheet of the livret or to the Rules which every member is held to possess.

4.—On the 1st of March of each year, the Federal Councils or Committees of the different countries shall forward to the General Council the amount of the stamps disposed of, and return the unsold stamps remaining on hand.

5.—These stamps, representing the value of the individual contributions, shall bear the date of the current year.

V.

FORMATION OF WORKING WOMEN’S BRANCHES[8]

The Conference recommends the formation of female branches among the working class. It is, however, understood that this resolution does not at all interfere with the existence or formation of branches composed of both sexes.

VI.

GENERAL STATISTICS OF THE WORKING CLASS[9]

1.—The Conference invites the General Council to enforce art. 5 of the original Rules relating to a general statistics of the working class, and the resolutions of the Geneva Congress, 1866,[10] on the same subject.[11]

2.—Every local branch is bound to appoint a special committee of statistics, so as to be always ready, within the limits of its means, to answer any questions which may be addressed to it by the Federal Council or Committee of its country, or by the General Council. It is recommended to all branches to remunerate the secretaries of the committees of statistics, considering the general benefit the working class will derive from their labour.

3.—On the first of August of each year the Federal Councils or Committees will transmit the materials collected in their respective countries to the General Council which, in its turn, will have to elaborate them into a general report, to be laid before the Congresses or Conferences annually held in the month of September.

4.—Trades’ Unions and international branches refusing to give the information required, shall be reported to the General Council which will take action thereupon.

VII.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF TRADES'

UNIONS[12]

The General Council is invited to assist, as has been done hitherto, the growing tendency of the Trades’ Unions of the different countries to enter into relations with the Unions of the same trade in all other countries. The efficiency of its action as the international agent of communication between the national Trades’ societies will essentially depend upon the assistance given by these same societies to the General Labour Statistics pursued by the International. The boards of Trades’ Unions of all countries are invited to keep the General Council informed of the directions of their respective offices.

VIII.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS[13]

1.—The Conference invites the General Council and the Federal Councils or Committees to prepare, for the next Congress, reports on the means of securing the adhesion of the agricultural producers to the movement of the industrial proletariate. 2.—Meanwhile, the Federal Councils or Committees are invited to send agitators to the rural districts, there to organise public meetings, to propagate the principles of the International and to found rural branches.

IX.

POLITICAL ACTION OF THE WORKING CLASS[14]

Considering the following passage of the preamble to the Rules:

“The economical emancipation of the working classes is the great end to which every political movement ought to be subordinate as a means ; “[15]

That the Inaugural Address of the International Working Men’s Association (1864) states: “The lords of land and the lords of capital will always use their political privileges for the defence and perpetuation of their economical monopolies. So far from promoting, they will continue to lay every possible impediment in the way of the emancipation of labour... To conquer political power has therefore become the great duty of the working classes;”[16]

That the Congress of Lausanne (1867) has passed this resolution: “The social emancipation of the workmen is inseparable from their political emancipation;”[17]

That the declaration of the General Council relative to the pretended plot of the French Internationals on the eve of the plebiscite (1870) says: “Certainly by the tenor of our Statutes, all our branches in England, on the Continent, and in America have the special mission not only to serve as centres for the militant organisation of the working class, but also to support, in their respective countries, every political movement tending towards the accomplishment of our ultimate end—the economical emancipation of the working class;”[18]

That false translations of the original Statutes[19] have given rise to various[20] interpretations which were mischievous to the development and action of the International Working Men’s Association[21];

In presence of an unbridled reaction which violently crushes every effort at emancipation on the part of the working men, and pretends to maintain by brute force the distinction of classes and the political domination of the propertied classes resulting from it[22];

Considering, that against this collective power of the propertied classes the working class cannot act, as a class, except by constituting itself into a political party, distinct from, and opposed to, all old parties formed by the propertied classes;

That this constitution of the working class into a political party is indispensable in order to insure the triumph of the social Revolution and its ultimate end—the abolition of classes;

That the combination of forces which the working class has already effected by its economical struggles ought at the same time to serve as a lever for its struggles against the political power of landlords and capitalists—[23]

The Conference recalls to the members of the International:

That in the militant state of the working class, its economical movement and its political action are indissolubly united.

X.

GENERAL RESOLUTION AS TO THE COUNTRIES WHERE THE REGULAR

ORGANISATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL IS INTERFERED WITH BY

THE GOVERNMENTS[24]

In those countries where the regular organisation of the International may for the moment have become impracticable in consequence of government interference, the Association, and its local groups, may be reformed under various other names, but all secret societies properly so called are and remain formally excluded.

XI.

RESOLUTIONS RELATING TO FRANCE[25]

1.—The Conference expresses its firm conviction that all persecutions will only double the energy of the adherents of the International, and that the branches will continue to organize themselves, if not by great centres, at least by workshops and federations of workshops corresponding with each other by their delegates. 2.—Consequently, the Conference invites all branches vigorously to persist in the propaganda of our principles in France and to import into their country as many copies as possible of the publications and Statutes of the International.

XII.

RESOLUTION RELATING TO ENGLAND[26]

The Conference invites the General Council to call upon the English branches in London to form a Federal Committee for London which, after its recognition by the provincial branches and affiliated societies,[27] shall be recognised, by the General Council, as the Federal Council for England.

XIII.

SPECIAL VOTES OF THE CONFERENCE[28]

1.—The Conference approves of the adjunction of the members of the Paris Commune whom the General Council has added to its number.

2.—The Conference declares that German working men have done their duty during the Franco-German war.

3.—The Conference fraternally thanks the members of the Spanish Federation for the memorandum presented by them on the organisation of the International by which they have once more proved their devotion to our common work.

4.—The General Council shall immediately publish a declaration to the effect that the International Working Men's Association is utterly foreign to the so-called conspiracy of Netschayeff[29] who has fraudulently usurped[30] its name.

XIV.

INSTRUCTION TO CITIZEN OUTINE[31]

Citizen Outine is invited to publish in the journal L'ÉgalitĂ© a succinct report, from the Russian papers, of the Netschayeff trial. Before publication, his report will be submitted to the General Council.

XV.

CONVOCATION OF NEXT CONGRESS[32]

The Conference leaves it to the discretion of the General Council to fix, according to events, the day and place of meeting of the next Congress or Conference.[33]

XVI.

ALLIANCE DE LA DÉMOCRATIE SOCIALISTE.

(THE ALLIANCE OF SOCIALIST DEMOCRACY)[34]

Considering that the “Alliance de la DĂ©mocratie socialiste” has declared itself dissolved (see letter to the General Council d.d. Geneva, 10th August 1871 signed by citizen N. Joukowsky, secretary to the “Alliance”),

That in its sitting of the 18th September (see No. II of this circular) the Conference has decided that all existing organisations of the International shall, in conformity with the letter and the spirit of the general rules, henceforth designate and constitute themselves simply and exclusively as branches, sections, federations, etc., of the International Working Men’s Association with the names of their respective localities attached;

That the existing branches and societies shall therefore no longer be allowed to designate themselves by sectarian names such as Positivists, Mutualists, Collectivists, Communists, etc., or to form separatist bodies under the names of sections of propaganda, Alliance de la DĂ©mocratie socialiste, etc., pretending to accomplish special missions distinct from the common purposes of the Association[35];

That henceforth the General Council of the International Working Men’s Association will in this sense have to interpret and apply article 5 of the administrative resolutions of the Basel Congress[36]: “The General Council has the right either to accept or to refuse the affiliation of any new section or group,” etc.[37];

The Conference declares the question of the “Alliance de la DĂ©mocratie socialiste” to be settled.

XVII.

SPLIT IN THE FRENCH-SPEAKING PART

OF SWITZERLAND[38]

1.—The different exceptions taken by the Federal Committee of the Mountain sections as to the competency of the Conference are declared inadmissible. (This is but a resume of article 1 which will be printed in full in the EgalitĂ© of Geneva.[39])

2.—The Conference confirms the decision of the General Council of June 29th, 1870.[40]

At the same time, in view of the persecutions which the International is at present undergoing, the Conference appeals to the feelings of fraternity and union which more than ever ought to animate the working class;

It invites the brave working men of the Mountain sections to rejoin the sections of the Romance Federation;

In case such an amalgamation should prove impracticable it decides that the dissident Mountain sections shall henceforth name themselves the “Jurassian Federation”.

The Conference gives warning that henceforth the General Council will be bound to publicly denounce and disavow all organs[41] of the International which, following the precedents of the ProgrÚs and the Solidarité, should discuss in their columns, before the middle-class public, questions exclusively reserved for the local or Federal Committees and the General Council, or for the private and administrative sittings of the Federal or General Congresses.

NOTICE

The resolutions not intended for publicity will be communicated to the Federal Councils or Committees of the various countries by the corresponding secretaries of the General Council.

By order and in the name of the Conference,

The General Council:

R. Applegarth, M. J. Boon, Fred. Bradnick, G. H. Buttery, Delahaye, EugÚne Dupont (on mission), W. Hales, G. Harris, Hurliman, Jules Johannard, Fred. Lessner, Lochner, Ch. Longuet, C. Martin, Z. Maurice, Henry Mayo, George Milner, Charles Murray, PfÀnder, John Roach, Riihl, Sadler, Cowell Stepney, Alf. Taylor, W. Townshend, E. Vaillant, John Weston

Corresponding Secretaries:

A. Serraillier for France.

Walery Wroblewski for Poland.

Karl Marx Germany and Russia.

Hermann Jung for Switzerland. F. Engels Italy and Spain.

A. Herman Belgium.

T. Mottershead Denmark.

Russia. Hermann Jung for SwitzerF. Engels Italy and Spain. land. A. Herman Belgium. T. Mottershead Denmark.

J. P. MacDonnell Ireland.

Ch. Rochat Holland.

J. G. Eccarius United States. branches of

LeoFrankel Austria and Hungary.

LeMoussu for the French branches of the United States.

F. Engels, Chairman—Hermann Jung, Treasurer

John Hales, Gen. Secretary


256, High Holborn, W.C., October 17, 1871

  1. ↑ The resolutions of the London Conference were mainly drafted and moved at its sessions by Marx and Engels. Several resolutions were based on preliminary drafts prepared by them (see this volume, pp. 407-08), Marx’s speeches at the Sub-Committee meeting on September 9, 1871 (ibid., p p. 565-66) and also the speeches by Marx and Engels at the Conference. Marx’s and Engels’ positions were also reflected in resolutions moved by other delegates at the Conference. In his capacity as Conference Secretary for editing and translating resolutions, Engels took a major part in drafting and editing them. Marx and Engels deemed it necessary to inform the members of the International and the international working-class movement in general about the major decisions of the Conference as quickly as possible. On their initiative, the Conference commissioned the delegates to make reports in the sections of the International about the adopted resolutions. The General Council charged a special commission headed by Marx with the official publication of the resolutions of the London Conference in English, French and German. Marx and Engels carried out the final editing of the Conference resolutions, which they received in rough form. The translation of the resolutions into French and German was done under their direct supervision. In view of the fact that the decisions of the 1871 London Conference, which was of a consultative nature, were not, according to the Rules, obligatory, in contrast to the decisions of regular congresses, its resolutions approved by the General Council and published as a circular letter of the General Council, were addressed to all the federations and sections of the International. The resolutions were published in pamphlet form in English and French at the beginning of November 1871. The resolutions were published in German in Der Volksstaat, No. 92, November 15, 1871 and as a separate edition early in February 1872. In November-December 1871, on the basis of these three editions approved by the General Council, many newspapers reprinted these resolutions in full or in an abridged form. They were translated into Italian, Spanish, Polish, SerboCroatian and Flemish and widely circulated. The resolutions were published in the principal organs of the International in 1871: L'Egalite,No. 22, November 19, L'Internationale,No. 150, November 26, Die Tagwacht, Nos. 48, 49 and 50, November 25, December 2 and 9, Der Vorbote, No. 12, December, La Emancipation, No. 24, November 27, La Federacion, No. 119, November 26, L'Egnaglianza, No. 21, December 3, and others. The decisions were supported by most of the sections and federations of the International.
  2. ↑ Resolution I—”Composition of General Council”—was moved by Laurent Verrycken and CĂ©sar De Paepe, and was adopted at the eighth session of the London Conference on September 22, after a discussion in which Marx and Engels took part; of the four resolutions on the composition of the General Council passed by the Conference, only the first (Resolution I) and the fourth (see Point 1 of the section XIII “Special Votes of the Conference”) were published. The second and third resolutions envisaged an extension of the probation period for candidate members of the Council to three weeks, and the right of sections of different countries to nominate candidates for the respective corresponding secretaryships. These resolutions have survived in the minutes of the London Conference and in the Minute Book of the General Council (meeting of October 16, 1871, at which Marx read the four resolutions).
  3. ↑ The French and German editions have respectively: "National or regional Councils, local branches, sections, groups and their respective Committees" and "National Councils, local branches, sections, groups and their Committees".— Ed.
  4. ↑ Resolution II—”Designations of National Councils, etc.”—was moved by Marx on behalf of the General Council, and passed at the second session of the London Conference on September 18, 1871. Point 1 of this resolution had already been formulated by Marx and Engels in the preliminary draft resolutions, which were submitted to and approved by the Sub-Committee of the General Council on September 9, 1871 (see this volume, pp. 407-08). This point, with some amendments, was included in the Administrative Regulations as Point 1 of Section II, points 2-4 became points 2-4 of Section V (see present edition, Vol. 23). The resolution was directed against the attempts of the petty-bourgeois elements (Right-wing Proudhonists, Bakuninists, Positivists, etc.) to impose their sectarian views on the local organisations of the International in opposition to the principles of the General Rules, which was reflected in the designations of local sections.
  5. ↑ Resolution III—”Delegates of the General Council” was moved by Marx on behalf of the General Council and passed at the fourth session of the London Conference on September 19, 1871; its first version is found in the preliminary draft resolutions written by Marx and Engels (see this volume, p. 408); it was included in the Administrative Regulations as point 8 of Section II (see present edition, Vol. 23).
  6. ↑ The German edition has "(Groschen)" after "Id.", and the French one has "10 [centimes]" instead of "Id. " here and below.— Ed.
  7. ↑ Resolution IV—”Contribution of Id. per Member to the General Council”— was moved by Frankel, who made a report on behalf of the commission that was to work out measures for a more regular inflow of individual contributions, and passed by the London Conference at its sixth session on September 20. During the preparations for the Conference, Marx raised the question of the contributions at the meeting of the Sub-Committee of the General Council on September 9, 1871 (see this volume, p. 565). The resolution, with slight amendments, was included in the Administrative Regulations as Section III (see present edition, Vol. 23).
  8. ↑ Resolution V—"Formation of Working Women's Branches"—was moved by Marx on behalf of the General Council and passed by the London Conference at its third session on September 19, 1871. During the preparations for the Conference, the question was raised at the meeting of the Sub-Committee of the General Council on September 11, 1871 (see this volume, p. 567). Moving his motion, Marx stressed the need to establish women's branches in countries with a high rate of female employment in industry. The resolution was included in the Administrative Regulations as point 6 of Section V (see present edition, Vol. 23).
  9. ↑ Resolution VI—”General Statistics of the Working Class”—was moved by Marx on behalf of the General Council at the third session of the London Conference on September 19, 1871 and adopted with addenda proposed by Utin and Frankel. Moving the resolution, Marx stressed that general statistics were especially important in organising aid for strikers from the workers of other countries and for other joint actions as an expression of international proletarian solidarity. The resolution was included in the Administrative Regulations as points 1-4 of Section VI (see present edition, Vol. 23).
  10. ↑ Resolutions of the Congress of Geneva, 1866, and the Congress of Brussels, 1868. The International Working Men's Association. Office of General Council, London [1869].—Ed.
  11. ↑ This refers to the Rules of the International Working Men’s Association published by the General Council in London in 1867. This edition reflected the changes introduced in the Rules at the Geneva (1866) and Lausanne (1867) congresses. In the Provisional Rules, published in 1864, this article, except the last sentence added later, was numbered 6 (see present edition, Vol. 20). The resolution passed by the Geneva Congress (its text is included in section VI of the Administrative Regulations, see present edition, Vol. 23), was based on Section 2 (c) of Marx’s “Instructions for the Delegates of the Provisional Central Council” (see present edition, Vol. 20).
  12. ↑ Resolution VII—"International Relations of Trades' Unions"—was moved by Frankel, Bastelica, Utin, Serraillier, Lorenzo and De Paepe at the fifth session of the London Conference on September 20, 1871 in connection with the discussion of Delahaye's proposal to organise international federations of trade unions according to trades, to direct the working-class movement and to achieve "administrative decentralisation" and "to create a real commune of the future". Delahaye's proposal contained anarcho-syndicalist ideas that specifically denied the significance of the proletarian party.lt was criticised by Marx and other delegates (see Note 406). The resolution was adopted as edited by Marx and Engels.
  13. ↑ Resolution VIII—"Agricultural Producers"—was moved by Marx and adopted at the eighth session of the London Conference on September 22, 1871. In his speeches, Marx stressed the need to carry on propaganda in the countryside and proposed that the question of securing the alliance of the working class and the peasants be discussed.
  14. ↑ At the sixth session of the London Conference on September 20, 1871, Vaillant moved a draft resolution stressing that political and social questions were inseparable, and that the political activities of the working class were of prime importance. During the discussion of Vaillant’s resolution and Serraillier’s and Frankel’s additions to it, Marx and Engels made speeches on the political action of the working class (see this volume, pp. 409-10, 413-14 and Note 259). Their speeches formed the basis of Resolution (IX) “Political Action of the Working Class” which the General Council was charged with drafting by the Conference. On October 7, 1871 a commission was set up; Engels was elected to the commission and Marx also took part in its work. Marx and Engels drafted an essentially new resolution formulating a clear proposition on the political party of the working class as indispensable for the victory of a socialist revolution and the achievement of its final goal—the building of a classless society. The 9th resolution of the London Conference was approved by the Hague Congress in September 1872 and its main part was included in Article 7 a of the General Rules.
  15. ↑ K. Marx, Rules and Administrative Regulations of the International Working Men's Association (present edition, Vol. 20, Appendices).— Ed.
  16. ↑ K. Marx, Inaugural Address of the Working Men's International Association (present edition, Vol. 20, p. 12).— Ed.
  17. ↑ ProcĂšs-verbaux du CongrĂšs de l'Association Internationale des Travailleurs rĂ©uni Ă  Lausanne du 2 au 8 septembre 1867, Chaux-de-Fonds, 1867.— Ed
  18. ↑ K. Marx, "Concerning the Persecution of the Members of the French Sections" (present edition, Vol. 21, p. 127).— Ed.
  19. ↑ See K. Marx, Provisional Rules of the Association (present edition, Vol. 20).— Ed.
  20. ↑ The German and French editions have "false" instead of "various".— Ed
  21. ↑ At the end of 1864-beginning of 1865, the Paris section of the International, headed by Proudhonists, published the French translation of the Provisional Rules (Association Internationale des Travailleurs. Congrùs ouvrier. Rùglement provisoire. [Paris, s.a.]) and, at the end of 1865, issued a new edition almost without changes. There were, however, a number of inaccuracies and distortions of principle (see K. Marx, "The General Council to the Federal Council of Romance Switzerland", present edition, Vol. 21).
  22. ↑ The German edition has "based on it" instead of "resulting from it".— Ed
  23. ↑ The German and French editions have "its exploiters" instead of "landlords and capitalists".— Ed.
  24. ↑ "General Resolution as to the Countries where the Regular Organisation of the Internationa] is Interfered with by the Governments" (X) was moved by Marx on behalf of the General Council at the ninth session of the London Conference on September 22, 1871. Its contents were set forth in preliminary draft resolutions worked out by Marx and Engels (see this volume, p. 407) and also in Marx's speech at the meeting of the Sub-Committee of the General Council on September 9, 1871
  25. ↑ "Resolutions Relating to France" (XI) were introduced by Utin at the eighth session of the London Conference on September 22, 1871 during the discussion of the state of the International's organisation in France. The resolutions were based on propositions expounded at this session by Marx. Of the resolutions on this issue adopted by the Conference only the first two were published, which are given in this volume. The third resolution made the Belgian and Spanish federal councils and the Federal Council of Romance Switzerland ensure contacts between the French sections and the General Council and admit sections formed by French refugees to the respective federations. The fourth resolution proposed that the General Council publish an appeal to the French workers, calling on them to wage an open struggle against the counter-revolutionary government and, despite persecutions, to set up organisations of the International. At its meeting on October 24, however, the General Council resolved to abstain from publishing this appeal since it might do harm to the imprisoned Communards.
  26. ↑ "Resolution Relating to England" (XII)—was moved by Marx at the eighth session of the London Conference on September 22, 1871. Moving his motion, Marx noted that the General Council had previously opposed the formation of the Federal Committee or Council for England, because the English workers were represented on the General Council, which promoted their education in a spirit of proletarian internationalism and socialism and prevented the bourgeoisie from taking over the leadership of the English working-class movement. The tremendous amount of work carried out by the General Council after the establishment of the Paris Commune made, however, the formation of a Federal Council in England imperative. On October 21, 18717 a provisional London Federal Council, which included representatives of the London Section of the International and some trades unions, was set up.
  27. ↑ The German and French editions have "trade unions" instead of "societies".— Ed
  28. ↑ "Special Votes of the Conference" (XIII). The first resolution was moved by De Paepe and adopted at the eighth session of the London Conference on September 22. The second, adopted at the ninth session on September 22, was based on Marx's speech on the position of the International in Germany and England, in which he noted the solidarity of the German workers with the Paris Commune, and also on a proposal introduced by Utin. The third one was adopted at the fifth session on September 20, in connection with the memorandum of the Spanish Federation on the organisation of the International in Spain. The fourth was moved by De Paepe at the ninth session, on September 22, in connection with Utin's report on Nechayev's case. Marx, who spoke on the issue, noted that the bourgeois press used the Nechayev conspiracy to slander the International (see Note 279).
  29. ↑ The reference is to the activities of Nechayev, who had established contacts with Bakunin and started setting up a secret organisation called Narodnaya Rasprava (People’s Justice) in various cities in Russia. Having received from Bakunin the credentials of the non-existent European Revolutionary Union, Nechayev passed himself off as a representative of the International and thus misled the members of the organisation he had created. When members of Nechayev’s organisation were arrested and put on trial in St. Petersburg in the summer of 1871, his adventurist methods to achieve his own ends were made public: blackmail, intimidation, deception, etc. The bourgeois press used Nechayev’s case to discredit the International. See “Declaration on Nechayev’s Misuse of the Name of the International” (present edition, Vol. 23).
  30. ↑ The German and French editions have "usurped and exploited".— Ed.
  31. ↑ Resolution XIV—"Instruction to Citizen OutinĂ«"—was moved by Edouard Vaillant and adopted at the ninth session of the London Conference on September 22, 1871, in connection with Utin's communication about the Nechayev trial. Marx moved that the report on the Nechayev trial should be submitted to the General Council. Using the material of the St. Petersburg trial, Utin wrote a detailed report in French; its main points he used in his speech at the Hague Congress in 1872. Marx and Engels used Utin's report while working on the assignment of the Hague Congress on The Alliance of Socialist Democracy and the International Working Men's Association, in Chapter VIII "The Alliance in Russia" (see present edition, Vol. 23).
  32. ↑ Resolution XV—"Convocation of Next Congress"—was moved, in a slightly different wording, by De Paepe and Eugùne Steens at the ninth session of the London Conference on September 22, 1871.
  33. ↑ The German and French editions have "or Conference instead of it".— Ed.
  34. ↑ Resolution XVI—"Alliance de la DĂ©mocratie socialiste"—was moved by Marx at the seventh session of the London Conference on September 21, 1871. After the question had been discussed in the commission (see this volume, pp. 411-12 and Note 256), this session heard Marx's report on the Alliance and Bakuninists' splitting activities in Switzerland and then passed Resolutions XVI and XVII.
  35. ↑ The French edition has "from the purpose common to the mass of militant proletariat united within the International Working Men's Association" instead of "from the common purposes of the Association".— Ed.
  36. ↑ Association Internationale des Travailleurs. Compte-rendu du IVe Congrùs International, tenu a Bàle, en septembre 1869, Brussels, 1869.— Ed.
  37. ↑ The German and French editions have "pending appeal to the next congress" instead of "etc.".— Ed.
  38. ↑ Resolution XVII—"Split in the French-Speaking Part of Switzerland"—was moved by Marx at the seventh session of the London Conference on September 21, 1871. An abridged text of this resolution was published in a separate edition of the London Conference resolutions. The resolution was published in full in L'ÉgalitĂ©, No. 20, October 21, 1871 (see this volume, pp. 419-22).
  39. ↑ See this volume, pp. 419-22.— Ed.
  40. ↑ This refers to the General Council Resolution on the Federal Committee of Romance Sivitzerland, written by Marx, which, despite the Bakuninists' claims, helped to preserve the committee's name and status as the guiding body of the International's sections in Romance Switzerland (see present edition, Vol. 21)
  41. ↑ The German and French editions have "all would-be organs".— Ed.
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